domingo, 16 de febrero de 2014

InterClean Corp. Inc. - Career Development Part I :Job Analysis and Selection



The most valuable asset of any company is its human resources. Because of this, companies have to develop strategies to select the best candidates to help achieve organizational goals. The management of InterClean, Inc. has given us the task of selecting five new members to the Puerto Rico operations and creates a development plan to help the new team succeed with the company's new strategy.   The primary purpose of conducting this analysis is to prepare job descriptions with all the specifications needed to perform the job. Through this analysis will document the job requirements. This information will help us in the selection, training, classification and compensation of personnel required.  The company will no longer sell only cleaning products but will also provide full-service cleaning solutions for organizations in the health care industry.  With this in mind, our efforts are aimed for the re-designing of jobs and be able to recruit the right people for the success of Puerto Rico operations.   The focus of the sales department has changed with this new strategy and therefore the workforce sales of both companies will be re-evaluated to ensure they meet the new business focus.  Below we will explain the job analysis, describe the workforce planning system, methods of selection and who will be the new members of the sales workforce.
The central purpose of job analysis is to understand the behavioral requirements of work.  Cascio (2005) states that there are five different methods for job analysis: job performance, observation, interview, critical incidents, and structured questionnaires.   Given that the purpose of this analysis is the re-design of jobs in the area of sales and we have the advantage that we know the market target and have the profiles of current employees in both companies, we give emphasis to job performance.  With this method there is exposure to actual job tasks as well as to the physical, environmental, and social demands of the job.  It is appropriate for jobs that can be learned in a relatively short period of time (Cascio, 2005).  Also, we will conduct interviews in a standard format to collect input from all workers. The new organizational structure will provide us more detailed picture of the work flow.  With a clear process chart we can evaluated the flow of inputs and outputs from the job being analyzed.    After gathering all the information we proceed to create the Job Descriptions which contain details of all the activities and responsibilities of the position as well as its important features such as working conditions and summarizes the personal qualities, traits, skills, and background required for the position.  Further, an understanding of available competencies is necessary to allow the organization to plan for the changes to new jobs required by corporate goals.
Workforce planning is crucial. It is a process of forecasting your workforce needs to ensure sustained business success and growth, and deciding on strategies to attract, develop, engage and retain employees ("Workforce Planning", n. d.).  The workforce planning system is used for the planning of human resources needed to fulfill the tasks and bring the company to achieve the objectives.  This planning as all strategies must be aligned with the vision and mission of the company.  This system consists of several phases that are related.  The first phase is the recruitment of the resources.  This includes attracting candidates, selecting the best and eventually the recruitment of the employee.  The essential part of this step is to determine the amount of the resources needed and what skills they need to have to accomplish tasks.  This phase is very important because it is where you can set whether the resource is good for the office or not based on the work experience and studies versus the requirements of the company.  This stage not guaranteed to be so, but the problems that may occur in the future can be minimized, to not recruit resources that do not really have the knowledge, interest or arrangement for the company to succeed or continue to improve and grow their operations.  As part of this phase an analysis of the functions is require, descriptions of duties that will serve as their guide and learn what the expectations are.
After the recruitment phase is the training and development of resources.  In this phase the management establishes the training needs for new employees and skills to be developed or current employees who must be afforded continuity and development to maintain the high performance of each one.  Most of the employees feel good when the company help them to develop new skills.  They can do their job successfully, are more motivated and, their performance is better.  Motivation of employees is the third phase of the Workforce planning system.  Once the employee is recruited, prepared to do their job, know the company objectives and goals, the management should take steps to keep them motivate.  As part of this, the company creates incentive plans in which most of them include gain extra money.  An employee is also encouraged when the company keeps him informed, develops for a better performance, makes him part of the decision-making and, others.
The fourth phase explains the importance of the employee’s retention and support.  This phase like all the above is very important, as companies invest a lot of capital in the recruitment and development of a resource.  If the company does not minimize the turnover will be investing a lot of money all the time.  Moreover, the human capital of a company can become a competitive advantage, which would be difficult to achieve if the company loses regular employees.  Finally, the last stage of this plan is to lead and communication. The leaders of the companies have the arduous task of moving his people to high performance.  To achieve this it is important to communicate effectively.  These leaders also collaborate with retention or the turnover of employees.  These leaders are responsible for creating teams to collaborate and the business objectives are met.
The main purpose of our method of identification and selection of staff is to predict the behavior, performance and future productivity of our five candidates for employment for InterClean operations in Puerto Rico. Therefore, the recruitment methods we use are those that provide the best information of the candidates in terms of their knowledge, skills and abilities for the position (Richino, 2000). In addition, Andujar (1996) used those selection methods that help us predict performance of candidates before they start to work.  In our recruitment process there are several methods that we practice and are subdivided into two main areas:
     Methods for the pre - selection of a candidate: Include the resume, letters of recommendation and pre- selection interview.
     Methods for making selection decisions: include structured interview, situational exercises, aptitude tests, intelligence and personality tests, among others.
The methods mostly used by other organizations, are the outlines and letters, which in disadvantage, do not possess the best predictive index compared with other methods that have more advantages. For example, methods of biographical data, intelligence tests, aptitude and structured interviews demonstrate a higher level of predictive validity when compared with resumes and cover letters (Brockbank & Ulrich, 2003).  IQ tests are very little used as a method of selection. This contrasts with the consideration of problem solving and decision making as important qualities to be assessed in a candidate. This may raise the possibility that the interview or other methods to try to get this type of data, is used when tests have consistently proven to be cost effective and provide good levels of predictive validity (Brockbank & Ulrich, 2003) .
Once we identify the best candidates in the market, we apply the following selection methodology:    
     Evaluation of their background, through a critical analysis of the resumes
     Technical evaluation of candidates by the specialists of our firm with training and experience in the professional area of activity
     Assessment of personality, potential and skills, by highly trained psychologists in the use of proven reliability tools
     Reports of assessed people and joint analysis of the obtained results
     Ongoing advice on the interview stage and at the time of final selection
Once we recruit the personnel, and they start working with us performing their position, our corporate retention methodology is:
1.   Provide a good working environment
2.   Convey the vision and mission
3.   Involve the person in decisions
4.   Delegating responsibility and commitment
5.   Provide or give a status;
a. Status of position:  It is very important for each of us as individuals we can determine the status of a position such as manager, director, assistant, secretary, chief financial officer, project manager, sales manager etc. (Cascio, 2005)
b. The pay status:  We must know what behaviors with other companies have profiles that are part of the business (Cascio, 2005). Possibly it is a business that does not have many funds to place a wage equal status than a prestigious company, but it is healthy to negotiate this status with understanding of both parties.
6.  Maintaining a good fellowship
The boss should not see their officials only through a glass. They should approach their partners and show them as a friend, brother, father etc. The approach produces affection, respect, love and identity. To cultivate healthy sense of approach produces stability.
From InterClean and EnviroTech five people were taken to complete the new sales team with InterClean. These members were chosen primarily for their dedication to the customers. InterClean's primary objectives is to provide safe, economical, and environmentally enriching products and services to his clients. Workplace diversity is a primary objective for InterClean. With a diverse sales team, a stronger connection with the global client community is obtainable. While all 10 of the previous sales members had exemplary references and experience, only five fit InterClean's workforce plan.
Based on business requirements and the job analysis, the most important required qualifications, skills, knowledge and abilities for the new positions are:
1.    Outside Sales Representative:
a.    Ability to sale products and services
b.    Ability to travel
c.    Ability to maintain confidentiality
d.    Ability to maintain high level of self-motivation
e.    Experience with customer education of products and services
2.    Sales Manager:
a.    Knowledge of principles and methods for showing promoting, and selling products and services.  Marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
b.    Speaking, active listening, social perceptiveness, persuasion, coordination, critical thinking, monitoring and service orientation.
c.    Oral comprehension, oral and written expression, speech clarity, problem sensitivity and speech recognition.
3.    Vice President of Sales
a.    Expertise and leadership in product pricing and promotion.
b.    Ability to work cross functionally to identify and realizes deliverables required for aggressive revenue growth.
c.    A strong team orientation and interpersonal skills to effectively communicate with clients, agencies, staff, senior management peers and industry colleagues.
The selected employees are:
Terry Garcia, outside sales representative
Terry, 56 year-old Hispanic female, was a former high school teacher hired for her ability to communicate, educate, and her use of critical thinking skills in problem resolution. Terry understands the value in working as a team in order to get the final outcome.
Susan Burnt, Outside Sales Representative
Susan, a 62 year-old Caucasian female, performed numerous jobs during her 24 years at InterClean, achieving success in each role. Six years ago, Susan transferred to sales and met sales goals each year. Susan is aggressive in closing the sale while understanding the importance of providing excellent “after the sale” service (from her previous roles in Customer Service, Collections, Purchasing, and Distribution).
Jim Martin, Vice President of Sales
Jim, 54 year-old Caucasian male, is an experienced and knowledgeable sales manager in the industrial cleaning and sanitation industry and he has a reputation for excellent customer service. Jim prides himself on meeting and exceeding his sales plan each year and is not afraid to experiment with new techniques to achieve sales.
Tom Gonzalez, Sales Manager
Tom, a 47 year-old Hispanic male, has been with EnviroTech for five years. His initial recruitment was a result of his ability to lead a team and for his expertise in developing solutions-based products for the customer. Tom has been in the industrial cleaning industry for more than 25 years. Tom enjoys establishing long-term relationships with customers as the point person for customers to come to if there are problems.
Eric Borden, Outside Sales Representative
Borden is a 41-year-old African American male hired by Sally Lindley. During his 14 years of service, Borden has earned a solid reputation for servicing customers and for helping them get the best products at the best prices. In addition to his duties as a sales rep, Borden has performed the role of team leader for several special projects that contributed to the financial growth of EnviroTech. He prides himself on staying current with the latest industrial cleaning and sanitation industry developments, as well as on the changes to regulations and compliance issues affecting the industry. Borden is paid a base salary and is eligible for the Sales Bonus program.
Is very important to take in consideration the laws that can be applied to the new teamwork inside and in relation of their actual framework not affecting their job tasks.  Some of those laws include the American with disabilities Act (ADA), this one help persons with disabilities giving them the opportunity to work no matter what condition this person had.  Another important law is the Non-Discrimination law, this one requires to the employers to assure equal employment to minorities and women, veterans of the Vietnam era, and special disabled people and veterans.  The importance of following those laws is that the employee will not be discriminate at any moment and must feel secure in their new jobs.  Other important aspect to cover is that the teamwork and each employee have their unique needs inside their framework and related to their job tasks. The company has duties in relationship with the teamwork and their framework and they must be fulfilled, if not complete those duties the company will be fined.
For the creation of a job position the company should be clear of the organization needs. This, according to the goals and objectives of it, which must be aligned with its vision and mission. Before recruiting an employee the organization should know what are the tasks that must be done and based on that set minimum requirements for the position that include skills, knowledge and abilities.  The workforce planning system helps organizations to know all the steps to recruit and maintain an active employee in the company. This system teaches that not only the recruitment is important, but the employee must continue developing and motivated to achieve high performance.  With this knowledge and practice InterClean could select the best resources based on the requirements and specifications of the jobs.  
 References

Andujar Rojas, C. (1996). Nuevas tendencias en la selección de recursos humanos en Puerto Rico. Ciencias de la Conducta, 11, 71-82.
Brockbank, W. & Ulrich, D. (2003) Competencies for the New HR, Society for Human Resource Management, Alexandria, VA
Cascio, W., (2005) Managing Human Resources – Human Resources in a Globally Competitive Business Environment; Mc Graw-Hill Companies, New York N.Y.
Richino, S.V. (2000). Selección de personal. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Gráfica MPS.
UCSF. Guide to Managing Human Resources. A resource for managers and supervisors at UCSF. Retrieved from http://ucsfhr.ucsf.edu/index.php/pubs/HRGuide/
What Is a Workforce Planning System?. (n. d.). Retrieved from http://www.payscale.com/compensation-today/2009/10/what-is-a-workforce-planning-system
Workforce planning. (n. d.). Retrieved from http://-http://www.dob.nt.gov.au/Employment/workforce-development/Documents/your-workforce/ch1-workforce-planning.pdf

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